Yayınlara devam edelim. Üretimini yaptığımız ve Bulgaristan ' a İhrac ettiğimiz AKSEBİO ürünümüzün Armutlarda Pisila ya olan etkisi !!!
http://www.springerlink.com/content/d473436p3g33v561/
ENTOMOLOGY F. Erler (2004) Phytoparasitica 32(4):351-356
Laboratory Evaluation of a Botanical Natural Product (AkseBio2) against the Pear Psylla Cacopsylla pyri Fedai Erler I A botanical natural product, AkseBio2, was evaluated under laboratory conditions for itsoviposition deterrent, ovicidal and larvicidal (nymphicidal) effects against the pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The product exhibited a strong oviposition
deterrent effect for winterform and summerform females and caused a reduction in the total number of eggs laid in both choice and no-choice assays. Significant mortalities in freshly laid eggs (0--48 h) and various nymphal stages of the pest were recorded in toxicity assays.At a concentration of 0.1% (formulation), the highest biological activity of the product was recorded against the young (lst and 2nd) nymphal stages (up to 87.4% mortality) in comparison with the other biological stages of the pest. It was less active against the older (3rd-5th) nymphs, causing 62.1% mortality at the same concentration. In assays with nontarget organisms, a significant negative effect was not observed. There were no significant
changes on treated plants up to 7 days after treatment in any trial, nor was there any phytotoxicity on plant tissue as a result of AkseBio2 treatments. The results suggest that the product can be used in psylla control instead of synthetic insecticides and may serve as an integrated pest management (IPM) component in pear orchards.
KEY WORDS: AkseBio2; botanical products; Cacopsylla pyri; oviposition deterrent;
ovicidal; larvicidal; Turkey.
INTRODUCTION
Two psyllid species, namely, Cacopsylla pyri (L.) and Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)
(Hemiptera: Psyllidae), have been reported to cause damage on pear trees in pear-growing
regions of Turkey, but C. pyri is considered to be the only species of economic importance
(5,8). The damage caused by this pest over the last 10 years in Antalya province (southwest
Turkey) has increased in both intensity and extent. After the serious outbreaks of pear
psylla in that region in 1992, 1993 and 1994, many orchards were sprayed against this pest
with various groups (including organophosphates and pyrethroids) of insecticides on an
average of eight or nine times each year (personal observations). A previous study by the
author showed that pear psylla was worst in places that had been very heavily sprayed in
the past, probably due to a reduction in natural enemies (5). Regional growers reported that
treatments with many kinds of insecticides had failed to keep the pest in check, with the
exception of amitraz. Many orchards have been sprayed repeatedly, often with high doses
of this insecticide. For this reason - and considering that timing and application were also
faulty in many instances - it is not surprising that resistance to amitraz has been found in
some populations (10).
Received Sept. 14, 2003; accepted Feb. 11, 2004; hup://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.
1plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey [Fax: +90-
242-227-4564; e-mail:
erler@akdeniz.edu.tr].
Phytoparasitica 32:4, 2004 351